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Expected Outcomes

• Measurements of vertical and horizontal solid-earth deformation at mm/yr accuracy, providing first comprehensive view of bedrock motions across polar regions.


• Prediction of mass fluxes of polar ice sheets, improved models of glacial isostatic adjustment, and better modeling and prediction of sea-level change.


• First tests of glacial isostatic adjustment models for the Antarctic interior.


• Integration of geodetic observations with complementary seismic imaging studies.


• First higher-resolution continental-scale seismic images of the structure and characteristics of the deep earth beneath polar regions.


• Understanding crustal and mantle dynamics that cause earthquakes and volcanoes, including the nature of links with ice-mass change.


• Improved understanding of the Earth’s inner core.


• Improved understanding of secular variation of Earth’s magnetic field, and core structure and dynamics, including quantification of rapid field decrease that may signal a reversal of the Earth’s field.


• Establish a framework for ongoing international geophysical observation networks.