Argentina
Projects
Project Name and Acronym:
Antarctic Seismographic Argentinean Italian Network (ASAIN)
http://www.dna.gov.ar and http://www.ogs.trieste.it
Principal Contacts for Data
Marino Russi, mrussi@inogs.it and Milton P. Plasencia L., mplasencia@inogs.it
Project Scientists
Sergio Marenssi, Instituto Antártico Argentino, smarenssi@dna.gov.ar
Marino Russi, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, mrussi@inogs.it
Milton Plasencia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, mplasencia@inogs.it
Project Locations
Argentine Bases in Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Sea Islands and Weddell Sea
Project Activities
Several permanent broad-band seismographic stations operate today in the Antarctic Peninsula and surroundings. Five of them constitute the Antarctic Seismographic Argentinean Italian Network (ASAIN). The ASAIN project started on February 1992 at Base Esperanza, during two years the station provided continuous monitoring of the Scotia Sea regional seismicity and its recordings were used to obtain significant new information on the large-scale structure of the lithosphere in the Scotia Sea area.
Working ASAIN stations, after 18 years from the beginning at Base Esperanza, four Antarctic stations have been installed at Base Orcadas (ORCD, 1997), South Orkneys Islands, Base Jubany (JUBA, 2002) South Shetland Islands, Base San Martín (SMAI, 2007) Barry Island, Marguerite Bay, Base Belgrano II (BELA, 2009) Bertrab Nunatak, Filchner Barrier; other two stations operate in the Argentinean part of Tierra del Fuego, Despedida Farm, (DSPA, 2002) and Termas del Rio Valdez (TRVA, 2005).
Principal Science Objectives
The continued operation of ASAIN stations provides researchers the necessary broad-band seismograms needed to apply the seismological techniques to the analysis of regional seismicity and to investigate the structural properties and the geodynamics of the Scotia Sea region. The results from research are then used to outline the evolution of the ASAIN and the improvements in the network geometry. Surface waves group velocity tomography has been applied to the recordings of events located in the Scotia Sea region to obtain fundamental mode group velocity maps for Rayleigh and Love waves in the period from 15 to 50 seconds. Significant lateral variations in the velocity values reflect the complexity of the oceanic and geological features. Regional shear velocity vs. depth models have been computed inverting averaged dispersion data by means of a non-linear procedure.
The moment tensor waveform inversion schemes have been applied to some regional events – employing the basic piece of information represented by the velocity models and regional earthquake data recorded by ASAIN and nearby IRIS stations – to investigate their focal mechanisms and source characteristics, and then also applied to study of the focal mechanisms of the principal aftershocks that followed the large 7.6 Ms earthquake occurred on August 4, 2003 in the neighborhood of the South Orkney Islands.
Research Highlights
Improvement of shear velocity models for the main geological and tectonic features in the Scotia Sea region, installation and operation of a regional broad-band seismographic network with real time remote data transmission to the international data centers in a previously not covered area, new solutions for the minimization of instrumentation power consumption.
Published Papers, Abstracts
Febrer, J.M., Plasencia M.P. and Sabbione, N., 2001. Local and regional seismicity from Ushuaia Broadband station observations (Tierra del Fuego). Terra Antartica, 2001, 8(2), 35-40.
Guidarelli M., Russi M., Plasencia Linares M.P. and Panza G.F., 2003. The Antarctic Seismographic Argentinean Italian Network and the progress in the study of structural properties and stress conditions in the Scotia Sea region. Terra Antartica Reports, 9, 25-34.
Plasencia Linares, M. P., 2008. Lithospheric characteristics and seismic sources in the Scotia Arc through waveform inversion. Ph.D. Thesis, Trieste University, Italy.
Plasencia Linares M.P., Bukchin B.G., Guidarelli M., Russi M. and Panza G.F. 2004. The 4 August earthquake recorded by ASAIN network in Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 45, n. 2 supplement, pp. 87-91.
Russi, M., Febrer, J. M., Costa, G., Nieto, D. Y. and Panza, G. F., 1994. Analysis of digital waveforms recorded at the seismographic station Esperanza. Terra Antartica, 1 (1), 162-166.
Russi, M., Costa, G., Febrer, J.M., 1996. Broad band seismology in the Scotia region. The Base Esperanza seismological observatory. In A. Meloni & A. Morelli (eds.), Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, Italian Geophysical Observatories in Antarctica. pp. 51-65.
Russi, M., Costa G., Febrer, J. M., Vuan A., Panza, G. F., 1997. Investigating the Lithospheric Structure of the Scotia Region by means of Surface Waveform Analysis. In C. A. Ricci (ed.). The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes, Terra Antartica Publication, Siena, pp. 1065-1069.
Russi, M. and Febrer, J.M., 2001. Broadband seismology in the Scotia Sea region, Antarctica. Italian and Argentinean contributions to the Scotia Sea Broadband Network. Terra Antartica, vol. 8(2), pp. 29-34.
Russi, M., Plasencia L., M.P., Guidarelli, M., 2004. Further developments of the ASAIN network in Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 45 n. 2 supplement, pp. 92-95.
Vuan, A., Cazzaro, R., Costa, G. and Russi, M., 1997. Preliminary Shear velocity models in Scotia Sea region, Antarctica. Terra Antartica, European Union Geosciences. Special Issue, 4, pp. 61-69.
Vuan, A., Cazzaro, R. Costa, G., Russi, M., and Panza, G.F., 1999. S-wave velocity models in the Scotia Sea region, Antarctica, from nonlinear inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 154, pp. 121-139.
Vuan, A., Russi, M., Panza, G.F., 2000. Group velocity tomography in the Sub-Antarctic Scotia Sea region. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 157, 1337-1357.
Vuan A., Russi M., Costa G., Panza G.F., 2001. Moment tensor waveform inversion in the Sub-Antarctic Scotia Sea region: feasibility tests and preliminary results. Terra Antartica, 8(2), pp. 55-62.
Institutes / Agencies that provided project support
Instituto Antártico Argentino – Dirección Nacional del Antártico (Argentina)
Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA, Italia)
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, – OGS (Italia).
Project Name and Acronym:
Antarctic Geodesy
Principal Contacts for Data
Sergio Marenssi, smarenssi@dna.gov.ar
Hans-Werner Schenke, Schenke@AWI-Bremerhaven.de
Robert Smalley (Jr.), rsmalley@memphis.edu
Mirko Scheinert, scheinert@ipg.geo.tu-dresden.de
Project Scientists
Sergio Marenssi
smarenssi@dna.gov.ar
www.dna.gov.ar
Instituto Antártico Argentino
Cerrito 1248 – (C1010AAZ)
Buenos Aires - Argentina
Hans Werner Schenke
Schenke@AWI-Bremerhaven.de
http://www.awi.de/en/go/bathymetry
Bathymetry & Geodesy
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
P.O.B. 12 01 61
27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
Robert Smalley (Jr.)
rsmalley@memphis.edu
http://www.ceri.memphis.edu
Center for Earthquake Research and Information
The University of Memphis
3876 Central Ave., Suite 1
Memphis, TN 38152-3050 - USA
jerome.saunier@ign.fr
http://ids.cls.fr/html/doris/stations/station.php3?code=BELB
Institut Geographique National
94165 SAINT-MANDE CEDEX
FRANCE
Mirko Scheinert
scheinert@ipg.geo.tu-dresden.de
http://tpg.geo.tu-dresden.de
TU Dresden
Institut für Planetare Geodäsie
01062 Dresden - Germany
Project Locations
Argentinean Antarctic Research Stations (Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Sea Islands and Weddell Sea)
Project Activities
Several geodetic sites at Argentine Antarctic permanent stations were originally integrated into the “SCAR Epoch Crustal Movement Campaign” (formerly “SCAR Epoch GPS Campaign”): DAL1 at Jubany, ESP1 at Esperanza and MAR1 at Marambio in 1995, 1996 and 1998 respectively; BEL1 at Belgrano II and SMR1 at San Martín in 1995 and 1998. Some of these (or close neighbor locations) as well as additional sites at other stations eventually became Continuously operating Global Positioning System (CGPS) or Continuously operating Global Navigation Satellite System (CGNSS) Stations, afterwards: DALL at Jubany in 1997 –replaced through DAL2 in 2003-, BELG at Belgrano II in 1998; BORC at Orcadas in 1999 and SMR1 at San Martín in 1999 –replaced through SMR5 in 2009-.
In addition, tide gauge/s (“sea level system/s”) were deployed at Jubany (1996 – 2000) and San Martín (ongoing since 1998).
A Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacon was installed at Belgrano II (site BELB in 2004, replaced in 2005 through the ongoing site BEMB) in order to provide a better geographic coverage to the International Doris Service (IDS) network, especially focusing the forthcoming satellite scientific mission CryoSat-2.
A redundant gravity registering system based upon two LaCoste & Romberg (“D” and “G”) instruments was deployed at Belgrano II (2007) and San Martín (2008) for POLENET dedicated objectives.
Principal Science Objectives
Long term GPS/GNSS information dataset make it possible to realize, maintain and improve first order time (“epoch”) dependent geodetic reference systems, essential to Antarctic logistics, mapping and scientific activities. State of the art receiver technology combined with scientific level software help to determine site velocities for geo-kinematics neotectonics and geodynamic applications. A highly accurate vertical datum is fundamental to monitoring sea level and other environmental change related signals. Depending upon magnitude and epicenter location and provided the sampling rate is appropriate (e.g. 1 Hz), eventual co-seismic effects can be measured with such observing techniques (e.g. the large 7.5 Mw earthquake occurred on August 4, 2003 in BORC’s GPS site vicinity).
Research Highlights
The Argentinean Antarctic Station Belgrano II is the southernmost location in our planet that combines rock outcrop with in situ year-round human activity, making it possible to fill an important geographic gap for long-term GPS/GNSS, DORIS and gravity densification efforts.
The gravity registration series gathered at Belgrano II and San Martín (southern Weddell and Bellingshausen Sea/s, respectively) are providing valuable information to improve the ocean circulation as well as ocean loading models, allowing for a better use of GRACE and GOCE missions data.
The GPS and/or GNSS geodetic data is collected in near-real time via internet satellite link/s.
Published Papers, Abstracts
Rülke, A. (2009): Zur Realisierung eines terrestrischen Referenzsystems in globalen und regionalen GPS-Netzen. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-24543 (Dissertation).
Scheinert, M., A.F. Zakrajsek, S.A. Marenssi, R. Dietrich, L. Eberlein (2008): Tidal Gravimetry in Polar Regions: An Observation Tool Complementary to Continuous GPS for the Validation of Ocean Tide Models. In: Capra, A., Dietrich, R. (eds.): Geodetic and Geophysical Observations in Antarctica - An Overview in the IPY Perspective, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 267-280.
Scheinert, M., Zakrajsek, A., Dietrich, R.. (2008): Gravimetric tide observations and ocean tides in Antarctica: From historic measurements to the IPY project POLENET. Abstracts ETS (Earth Tides Symposium), Jena, September 1 – 5, 2008.
Scheinert, M., Zakrajsek, A., Eberlein, L., Dietrich, R., Marenssi, S., Ghidella, M. (2008): Gravimetric time series recording at the Argentine Antarctic stations Belgrano II and San Martín: A contribution to the IPY project POLENET. Abstracts ETS (Earth Tides Symposium), Jena, September 1 – 5, 2008.
Jordan, T. A., F. Ferraccioli, P. C. Jones, J. L. Smellie, M. Ghidella, H. Corr, A. F. Zakrajsek (2007): High-resolution airborne gravity imaging over James Ross Island (West Antarctica). In: "Antarctica: A keystone in a changing world, Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES”, edited by A.K. Cooper and C.R. Raymond et al., U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047 (DVD-ROM), 4 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/], doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp060
Scheinert, M., A.F. Zakrajsek, L. Eberlein, S.A. Marenssi, M. Ghidella, R. Dietrich, A. Rülke (2007): Gravimetry and GPS Observations at Belgrano II Station to Test Ocean Tidal Models. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 62 (4): 646-651.
Smalley, R., Jr., I. W. D. Dalziel, M. G. Bevis, E. Kendrick, D. S. Stamps, E. C. King, F. W. Taylor, E. Lauría, A. Zakrajsek, and H. Parra (2007): Scotia arc kinematics from GPS Geodesy. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L21308, 6 p, doi:10.1029/2007GL031699.
Zakrajsek, A.F., S. Santillana y S.A. Marenssi (2007): Estaciones GPS Permanentes y tareas complementarias en Observatorios Geodésicos de bases antárticas argentinas (situación a Septiembre 2007). 5o Taller Nacional de Estaciones GPS Permanentes, Mendoza 26-28 de septiembre de 2007.
Febrer, J. and A. Zakrajsek, (2005): Aftershock localization, GPS-derived displacements and crustal static stress changes related to the 4 August 2003 M 7.5 earthquake, East from the Antarctic station Orcadas. Abstracts: “Antarctic Seismology” Session, IASPEI General Assembly, Santiago de Chile, 3 – 7 October 2005.
Zakrajsek, A. (2005): Enlaces inalámbricos en estaciones GPS permanentes. Tercer Taller Nacional de Estaciones GPS Permanentes. Mar del Plata, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2005. Libro de resúmenes.
Dietrich, R., Rülke, A., Ihde, J., Lindner, K., Miller, H., Niemeier, W., Schenke, H.-W., Seeber, G. (2004): Plate kinematics and deformation status of the Antarctic Peninsula based on GPS. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 42, Issues 1-4, pp. 313-321.
Schulte, D., Schenke, H.-W.(2004). Modelling of Atmospheric Water Vapour in Antractica using GPS, European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2004, April 25 - 30, 2004, Nice/France.
Smalley R.(Jr)., E. Kendrick, M. Bevis, I.W. Dalziel, F. Taylor, E. Lauría, R. Barriga, G. Casassa, E. Olivero, E. Piana and A. Zakrajsek (2004): Geodetic Determination of Relative Plate Motion and Crustal Deformations due to South America, Scotia and Antarctic Plate Interactions. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata (BGTA), Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 144 - 146 (Special Issue with extended abstracts of the International Symposium on the Geology and Geophysics of the Southernmost Andes, the Scotia Arc and the Antarctic Peninsula, GeoSur 2004. Buenos Aires, 22-23 November 2004).
Smalley, R. Jr., M.G. Bevis, E. Kendrick, P. Skvarca, E. Lauría and A. F. Zakrajsek (2004): Isostatic rebound around the Patagonian Icefields. Actas, V° Simposio Argentino y I° Latinoamericano sobre Investigaciones Antárticas, Buenos Aires, 30 agosto-03 septiembre 2004.
Altamimi, Z., P. Sillard, and C. Boucher (2002), ITRF2000: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame for earth science applications, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B10), 2214, doi:10.1029/2001JB000561.
Dietrich,R., R. Dach, G. Engelhardt, J. Ihde, W. Korth, H.-J. Kutterer, K. Lindner, M. Mayer, F. Menge, H. Miller, C. Müller, W. Niemeier, J. Perlt, M. Pohl, H. Salbach, H.-W. Schenke, T. Schöne, G. Seeber, A. Veit, C. Völksen (2001): ITRF coordinates and plate velocities from repeated GPS campaigns in Antarctica - an analysis based on different individual solutions. Journal of Geodesy, 74(11/12), pp. 756-766 [PDF].
Dietrich, R., R. Dach, G. Engelhardt, J. Ihde, W. Korth, H. Kutterer, K. Lindner, M. Mayer, F. Menge, H. Miller, C.Müller, W. Niemeier, J. Perlt, M. Pohl, H. Salbach, H.-W. Schenke, T. Schöne, G. Seeber, A. Veit, C. Völksen (2000): Ergebnisse der SCAR GPS Kampagnen - ITRF-Koordinaten und Geschwindigkeiten. In: Dietrich, R. (Hrsg.): Deutsche Beiträge zu GPS-Kampagnen des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 1995 - 1998. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, Reihe B, Heft Nr. 310, München, pp. 11-20 [PDF].
Seufer, Verena (1999): Langzeitauswertung einer Basislinie zwischen zwei GPS-Permanentstationen in der Antarktis zur Bestimmung tektonischer Bewegungsraten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Meteorologie. (Diplomarbeit).
Zakrajsek, A. (1999): Argentine Participation in Antarctic Surveying Activities from 1901 to 1999: An Overview. 2nd SCAR Antarctic Geodesy Symposium, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 14-16 July, 1999.
Dietrich, R.; Dach, R.; Engelhardt, G.; Kutterer, H.; Lindner, K.; Mayer, M.; Menge, F.; Mikolaiski, H.-W.; Niemeier, W.; Orths, A.; Perlt, J.; Pohl, M.; Salbach, H.; Schenke, H.W.; Schöne, T.; Seeber, G.; Soltau, G. (1998): GAP: Ein Geodätisches Antarktisprojekt zur Lösung geodynamischer Zielstellungen. ZfV 123(2):49-61 [PDF].
Pohl, M., Schoene, T., Zakrajsek, A.F., Schenke, H.W. (1998): GPS Observations at Jubany/Dallmann, in: Wiencke, Ferreyra, Arntz, Rinaldi (eds.): The Potter Cove coastal ecosystem, Antarctica, Berichte zur Polarforschung, 299, 9-11.
Schoene, T., Pohl, M., Zakrajsek, A.F., Schenke, H.W. (1998): Tide Gauge Measurements - A Contribution for the Long Term Monitoring of the Sea Level, in: Wiencke, Ferreyra, Arntz, Rinaldi (eds.): The Potter Cove coastal ecosystem, Antarctica, Berichte zur Polarforschung, 299, 12-14.
Zakrajsek, A. (1998): Geodetic Monumentation in Antarctic Permafrost. 1st Antarctic Geodesy Symposium (AGS98), Santiago, Chile, 16-17 July 1998.
Dietrich, R.; Dach, R.; Perlt, J.; Schenke, H.-W.; Schöne, T.; Pohl, M.; Soltau, G.; Engelhardt, G.; Mikolaiski, H.-W.; Seeber, G.; Menge, F.; Niemeier, W.; Salbach, H.; Lindner, K.; Kutterer, H.-J.; Mayer, M. (1997): The SCAR GPS Campaigns: Accurate Geodetic Reference in Antarctica. In: Forsberg, R.; Feissel, M; Dietrich, R. (eds.): Geodesy on the Move - Gravity, Geoid, Geodynamics, and Antarctica. Springer Series: IAG Symposia, Vol. 119, pp. 474-479, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg [PDF].
Zakrajsek A. and Peretti, A. (1997): Geodetic Monumentation in Antarctic Permafrost, Marambio (Seymour) Island. Actas XIX Reunión Científica, Asociación Argentina de Geodesia y Geofísica, San Juan, 1997.
Dietrich, R. (Hrsg.) (1996): The Geodetic Antarctic Project GAP95. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, Reihe B, Heft Nr. 304, München. (includes: Dach, R; Dietrich, R.; Korth, W.; Perlt, J. (1996): Analysis Strategy and Final Results of the SCAR95 GPS Campaign by the TU Dresden Group) [PDF].
Institutes / Agencies that provided project support
Instituto Antártico Argentino – Dirección Nacional del Antártico (Argentina)
(See Project Scientists table for details on partner institutions)
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